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    all Truth summarised abt Tamil n sanskrit

    Topic started by siva (@ cache82.156ce.scvmaxonline.com.sg) on Mon Jan 6 09:39:32 .


    HISTORY
    Which Indian language is the world's oldest living language?

    Tamil is the oldest of all Indian languages and also the oldest living
    language in the world. It represents certain literacy types not found in
    Sanskrit or other Aryan languages and traces its history to
    Tolkappiyam(200bc), the earliest extant manuscript of Tamil grammar,
    dated 500 B.C.


    Among the four ancient literary languages of southern India
    (Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada, and Telugu) Tamil has
    the longest tradition. The earliest records date from inscriptions
    from 200 BC. Other early works exist which were preserved on manuscripts
    made by palm-leaf and through oral transmission. Part of this rich and varied
    literary output includes a Tamil indigenous grammatical tradition
    independent of that of the ancient Sanskrit grammarians. The earliest
    text which describes the language of the classical period is the Tolkappiyam
    (dating from around 200 BC); another dates from the year 1000.

    Three stages appear in the written records: ancient (200 BC to 700),
    medieval (700 - 1500) and modern (1500 to the present). Sometime between 800
    and the turn of the millennium, Mayalayam, a very closely related
    Dravidian language, split off and became a distinct language.

    All Kannadigas before 9th century A.D spoke Tamil. This is evident from the
    fact that all the temples carved before 9th century A.D has Tamil
    Inscriptions.

    During the medieval period Tamil absorbed many loan words from
    Sanskrit in the verbal system, but in the 1900s attempts were made to
    purge Tamil of its Sanskrit loans with the result that modern scientific
    and bureaucratic terminology is Tamil-based and not Sanskrit-based as in
    other Indic languages.

    .Tamil is written in an alpha-syllabic system derived from the
    Ashokan Brahmi script. Tamil uses two varieties of the language:
    high status variety in most writing, and a low status in speaking.
    Sri Lanken Tamil is relatively conservative. The earliest text date from
    200 BC. Early works were preserved on manuscripts made by palm-leaf.
    Sanskrit, Persian, Arabic and English have influenced it.
    '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
    Larry Trask
    COGS
    University of Sussex
    Brighton BN1 9QH
    UK
    larryt@cogs.susx.ac.uk

    Sanskrit is an ancient language of India. It was, and is, a language of
    great religious, literary and cultural importance in India, but it wasn't
    even the first Indian language to be written down. Tamil was merely the
    first of the Dravidian languages -- a family of languages spoken mostly in
    southern India -- to be written down, and it is far from being one of the
    world's earliest languages to be written. Hebrew, Phoenician, Greek,
    Etruscan, Latin and many other languages were written down long before
    Tamil was.
    __________________________________________________ ____________________________
    Sumerian was the first language to be written - it is *not* the
    world's oldest language. We do not know what the world's oldest
    language is.

    Sanskirt, Tamil and Sumerian are all three different languages.
    Sumerian was apoken in Mespotamia in the Neolithic and Bronze Ages.
    Sanskirt and Tamil are two languages of India attested millennia
    later.
    ************************************************** ****************************
    Tamil Language -
    A brief review of its history and features
    ___________________________________________
    Old Dravidian
    In the historical past Proto-Dravidian was spoken throughout India. When the
    Turanians and the Aryans came to India through the Khyber and the Bolan
    Passes respectively, and mingled with the local population of the North,
    the North Indian languages of Proto-Dravidian origin changed to a great
    extent. As a consequence Praakrit and Paali emerged as the languages of
    the masses in the northern part of India. Despite the commingling of local
    and foreign ethnic elements, a section of Proto-Dravidians maintained their
    ethnic and cultural identity in some isolated areas, spoke corrupt forms of
    Proto-Dravidian languages and these have survived, to this day, as living
    examples of ancient Dravidian languages. Languages such as Kolami, Parji,
    Naiki, Gondi, Ku, Kuvi, Konda, Malta, Oroan, Gadba, Khurukh, and Brahui are
    examples of Dravidian languages prevalent in the North. Today
    Proto-Dravidian speakers are increasingly mingling with other linguistic
    groups and learning their languages. Therefore, their numerical strength is
    on the decline. People living in the Rajmahal mountains in Bengal and in the
    areas adjacent to Chota Nagpur are good examples of the intermingling.
    A section of people living in Baluchistan speak Brahui, which has many
    linguistic features similar to the Dravidian languages spoken in South India.
    Scholars are surprised today to note many linguistic similarities between
    Tamil and Brahui, especially in numerals, personal pronouns, syntax and in
    other linguistic features. The Indian Census report of 1911 classified Brahui
    as a language belonging to the Dravidian family. It was then spoken by about
    170, 000 people, although this number over the years dwindled to a couple of
    thousands. Whatever be their numerical strength now, they are proof of the
    fact that the Dravidians in some age of the historical past were spread in
    the region between Baluchistan and Bengal and spoke the Proto-Dravidian
    idiom.

    North Indian Languages
    Since the Dravidians lived throughout the Indian subcontinent at some
    historical past, certain syntactical affinities are noticeable even today
    between the South and a large number of North Indian languages.
    When Praakrit and Paali became popular in the North, the Proto-Dravidian
    language lost its ground there, and confined itself entirely to the South.
    Even in South India it did not remain as one single language for a long time.
    Dialectical differences arose partly due to the political division of the
    Tamil country into three distinct Tamil kingdoms and partly due to the
    natural barriers created by rivers and mountains. The absence of proper
    land communication among the three Tamil kingdoms also accentuated this
    process of dialectal differences. As a result the Dravidian language spoken
    by the people. who lived in the regions north and south of the Tirupati
    mountains, varied to such an extent as to become two independent languages,
    Tamil and Telugu. The language spoken in the region of Mysore came to be
    known as Kannada. Malayalam emerged as yet another distinct language in
    Kerala. All these far-reaching changes occurred at different periods of time
    in the history of the Dravidian languages. Among these four languages, it is
    'only the Tamil language which has a long literary tradition.

    The term Dravidian, which refers to the language of South India, is of a
    later origin. Originally it was derived from the word tamil /tamiz> .
    This word in course of time changed into dravida after undergoing a series
    of changes like tamiza, tramiza, tramiTa, trapida and travida. At one time
    the languages spoken in the regions of Karnataka, Kongu and Malabar were
    respectively known as Karunaattut-tamil, Tulunattut-tamil and
    Malainattut-tamil. Today however, these regional languages are classified
    under the blanket term "Dravidian family of languages".

    South Indian Languages
    Many common linguistic features are still discernible among these Dravidian
    languages. Some five thousand words are common to these languages.
    Many grammatical forms are common. The overwhelming influence of Sanskrit
    scholars and the indiscriminate borrowing of Sanskrit words resulted in the
    emergence of Kannada and Telugu as distinct languages from Tamil some fifteen
    hundred years ago. The influence of Sanskrit on Malayalam language came to
    be felt only about eight centuries ago, and therefore, the areas of
    difference between Tamil and Malayalam are not many. Tamil was the language
    of bureaucracy, of literati and of culture for several centuries in Kerala.
    In fact, fifteen centuries ago the rulers of Kerala were all Tamils.
    Up to the tenth century the Pandya kings ruled Kerala with royal titles such
    as 'Perumaankal and 'Perumaankanar'. It was a Tamil poet from Trivandrum who
    in fact presided over the academy of Tamil scholars, when they met to
    evaluate the famous Tamil grammatical work Tolkappiyam. From the third
    century 13.C. to the first century A.D., many poets from Kerala composed
    poems in Tamil and their compositions are included in Tamil anthologies such
    as Akananaru and Purananaru. All the one hundred poems in the anthology
    PatiRRuppattuextol the greatness of the kings of the Kerala region.
    The author of the famous Tamil epic Cilappatikaram was a poet from Kerala.
    The shrine in honor of KaNNaki, the heroine of Cilappatikaram, was built at
    Tiruvancikkulam in Kerala. Among the Saiva and Vaisnava composers,
    CEramAn PerumAl Nayanaar and KulacEkara Alvaar respectively, belong to the
    Kerala region. AiyanEritanaar, the author of the tenth century grammatical
    work PuRapporul VeNpaamaalai, hailed from Kerala. Many scholars and pundits
    from Kerala contributed much to the Tamil language and literature and the
    historical evidence shows that the region now known as the State of Kerala
    was once an integral part of Tamil Nadu at some period of time. Because of
    these reasons there is greater affinity between Tamil and Malayalam than
    between Tamil and Kannada or Telugu.
    Contact with Foreign Countries
    Tamil occupies a distinctive position among the Dravidian languages owing to
    its geographical expansion, for it has spread beyond the frontiers of India.
    Apart from being the language of forty million people in Tamil Nadu it is the
    spoken and written language of several millions of Tamils living in Ceylon,
    Burma, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, South Africa, Fiji Islands and
    Mauritius.
    That the Tamils were well advanced in sea-borne and inland trade is evident
    both from Tamil literary sources as also from the accounts of foreign
    travellers.* Even as early as the tenth century B.C., articles of trade
    such as peacock feathers, elephant tusks and spices intended for King
    Solomon were sent in ships belonging to the Tamil country. Some words in
    Hebrew, Greek and English point to the existence of trade between Tamil Nadu
    and the countries around the Mediterranean region. Classical Hebrew terms
    like tuki and ahalat are close to the Tamil words tokai and akil respectively.
    Although English words like 'sandalwood' and 'rice' are borrowed from the
    Greek language, their origin is in fact Tamil. Likewise the Greek words for
    ginger and pepper also owe their origin to Tamil. Sea-borne trade flourished
    between the Tamil country and the Roman Empire during the period of
    Emperor Augustus. This fact is borne out by numerous coins issued during his
    reign, which were unearthed by archaeologists in the Tamil country.
    Iron age finds in Philippines also point to the existence of trade between
    Tamil Nadu and the Philippine Islands during the ninth and
    tenth centuries B.C. This apart, Tamil traders frequented the shores of
    Burma, Malaya and China with their wares and bartered them for Chinese silk
    and sugar. The Tamil word ciini for sugar indicates its origin.
    In Tamil classical works.
    The renowned Sanskrit epics the Raamayanaa and the Mahaabhaarata also speak
    about the Tamil country and in particular the importance of Madurai as the
    capital of the Paandyaa kings. Megasthenes, who came to India during the
    period of Chandragupta Maurya, refers to the Paandya country and its polity.
    The edicts of the famous Indian Emperor Asoka also mention that during his
    rule the Tamil kings in the far south of India enjoyed political independence.

    Antiquity of Tamil Grammatical Works
    Among the ancient grammatical works available, the Tolkappiyam was the
    earliest and it was written around the third century B.C. There are over two
    hundred and fifty references in Tolkaappiyam which, provide substantial
    evidence of the existence of many classical and grammatical works in Tamil
    prior to Tolkaappiyam itself. It classifies Tamil words into four categories,
    iyarcol, tiricol, ticaiccol, and vatacol. Iyarcol refers to the words in
    common use, while tiricol refers to the words used specifically in poetry.
    Regional words are known as ticaiccol. Words borrowed from Sanskrit are
    called vatacol. Certain specific rules were stipulated in borrowing words
    from Sanskrit. The borrowed words were to strictly conform to the
    Tamil phonetic system and to be written in the Tamil script. All these
    indicate the sound grammatical basis on which the Tamil language has evolved
    over the years.
    Besides, Tolkaappiyam also classifies the Tamil language into centamil and
    kotuntamil. The former refers to the classical Tamil used exclusively by
    literati in their works and the latter refers to the colloquial Tamil,
    spoken by the people. This shows that even in those distant days differences
    had grown to such an extent as to enable the Tamil grammarians to classify
    the language into written and spoken.

    Tamil Scripts
    The earlier Tamil inscriptions were written in braahmi, grantha and
    vaTTezuttu scripts.* Inscriptions after the seventh century A.D. contain
    Tamil characters similar to the one now in vogue. This prompted some scholars
    to argue that vatteluttu and Tamil scripts originated from braahmi scripts.
    This view has no solid base, for one can see a copious description of Tamil
    scripts in Tolkaappiyam, which belongs to third century B.C. It is obvious
    therefore, that Tamil language had a distinct script of its own even at that
    early period. In fact vaTTezuttu is none other than the old Tamil script.
    Even the southern braahmi was a corrupt form of vaTTezuttu .
    Distinct differences exist between the southern and the northern braahmi
    script, for the southern one had its genesis in vaTTezuttu .
    Much before brahmi scripts could become popular the Tamils possessed a
    script of their own which they put to use in their commercial transactions
    and in their writings.
    ---
    * According to Professor M. Varadarajan, vaTTezuttu was nothing but the
    scripts inscribed on stones. They had been known as veTTezuttu or letters
    inscribed on stones. But in course of time and by usage it was transformed
    into vaTTezuttu . For an in-depth study of Tamil scripts refer,


    "What the vaTTezuttu is and how it came into being and how it was
    practiced we cannot say definitely. But we can say almost with some
    definiteness that it represents a very ancient cursive alphabet, perhaps
    the primitive South Indian alphabet which existed long, long before the
    inscriptions of Asoka." V.R.R. Dikshitar, Pre-Historic South India, Madras,
    1951, p. 218. Yet for another view of the origins of Tamil scripts refer,
    John R. Marr, "The Early Dravidians" in A.L. Basham (ed.), A Cultural History
    of India, London. 1975, pp. 32-34.

    The Tamii characters which are in use today also can be deemed to have
    originated from vatteluttu. There are twelve vowels in Tamil consisting of
    five short vowels

    Unnecessary Polemics

    Tamil language and literature. Besides, the ancient classical Tamil
    literature originated and blossomed from the folk song and poetry of the
    Tamil country. The forms of such poetry were also not borrowed from any other
    language, but were culled from the folk poetry and songs that was in vogue
    among the people of Tamil Nadu. The existence of such combination of
    antiquity and individuality in Tamil literature, was forgotten by later day
    Sanskrit scholars. As such they not merely denied the greatness due to the
    Tamil language but began to look upon it on the assumption that it borrowed
    immensely from Sanskrit from its very inception. Therefore, Sanskritists
    indulged in unwanted polemics by arguing that Tamil had no intrinsic merit
    of its own because it borrowed heavily from Sanskrit and its only during
    medieval period (after 1500bc) Tamil absorbed many loan words from
    Sanskrit in the verbal system.
    To establish this assumption, Caminata Desikar, a Sanskrit scholar and author
    of a grammatical work entitled ilakkaNakkottu compared the alphabets of
    Sanskrit and Tamil and found that all, expect five alphabets, the two short
    vowels e (±) and o (´) and three consonants Ra, na and za (È, É, Æ ) are
    common to both the languages. Therefore he argued that all the characters
    common to the two languages essentially belonged to Sanskrit and the five
    rare symbols which are absent in Sanskrit belonged specifically to Tamil.
    Based on his findings he wrote an unusual verse in which he posed insolently
    a question whether Tamil with only five letters of its own could ever be
    called a language.

    Stupid Sanskritists quoted that Intelligent persons will be ashamed
    To call it a language
    That possesses only five letters
    This scurrilous verse only indicates the irrational attitude of the
    Sanskrit scholars of the seventeenth century.
    Such unreasonable attitude became obvious in analysing the origin of words
    that were common to Sanskrit and Tamil. Basic words like niir (water) and
    miin (fish) which had been in use from time immemorial in Tamil language was
    interpreted by Sanskrit scholars as having originated from Sanskrit roots.
    They refused to consider the possibility that Sanskrit would have borrowed
    these common words from Tamil, the most ancient language of the region, and
    even propagated that most of the words in Tamil had been borrowed from
    Sanskrit. The Tamil scholars were perplexed by such unfounded claims.
    However with the arrival of linguists like Caldwell from Europe, and with
    the publication of books in English refuting the claims of Sanskritists,
    Tamil scholars gained confidence in the intrinsic value of Tamil language.
    Despite this, the biased views held by Sanskritists held sway ir the world
    of letters even up to this century until linguists in England like Burrow
    falsified these erroneous claims by their researches. This controversy
    persisted even in analysing the names of places in the Tamil region. After
    translating certain names of places from Tamil to Sanskrit, the Sanskrit
    scholars argued that they were borrowed from Sanskrit. One classic example
    was Vriddhachalam which is a literal translation of the Tamil place called
    MutukunRam. Likewise, several names of deities were translated into Sanskrit.
    The devotional hymns of the Nayanmars in fact mentioned these names in their
    pure Tamil form. Instances are not wanting that while translating names of
    places from Tamil into Sanskrit, the Sanskrit scholars failed to comprehend
    the real meaning of the criginal Tamil words and translated them erroneously.
    Without knowing the actuai meaning of the name of a town ArkkaTu (Arcot),
    the Sanskrit scholars translated it Sataranyam, which literally means six
    forests, whereas the Tamil word arkkaTu literally means a forest of fig trees.
    To perpetuate these Sanskritised names, they wrote stories as well.
    Despite their efforts Sanskritised names failed to gain currency among the
    people. The Sanskrit scholars, for example, tried to Sanskritise the name of
    the river Paalaaru as Ksra Nati. It could not be perpetuated.
    Thus the Sanskrit scholars unnecessarily sowed the seeds of dissension in
    the Tamii country.


    Tanit-Tamil Iyakkam (Pure Tamil Movement)
    Sanskrit scholars attempted to Sanskritise Tamil several centuries ago by
    the liberal use of Sanskrit words. They argued that such a liberal mixture
    enhanced the beauty of the Tamil language and compared the hybrid language
    to an ornament made out of equal number of pearls and corals. They called
    the hybrid style as manippravala style and attempted to popularize it in the
    country. Some of the Jain and Vaisnava Sanskrit scholars employed that style
    using grantha scripts Their attempts, however, failed because of the
    naturally rich vocabulary and literary wealth of the Tamil language.
    Sanskrit scholars, however, refused to acknowledge the real merit of Tamil
    literary works. Although they were born in the Tamil country, spoke the Tamil
    language, and lived as Tamilians, they seldom read such important works as
    the TEvaram and the Tiruvaacakam. They treated lighty those who attained
    scholarship only in Tamil. Even the hymns of Nayanmars, which found a pride
    of place in remple rituals during the Chola period, lost their importance at
    a later stage. They went to the extent of denigrating Tamil as the language
    of the mortal and extolling Sanskrit as the language of gods. If the
    Sanskritists found laudable ideas in Tamil works, they tried to belittle
    their merit saying that those were borrowed ideas from Sanskrit works. They
    tried even to underrate the importance of Tiruvalluvar's Tirukkural by
    running it down as a compendium of ideas translated from Sanskrit works.
    Likewise they considered that Tolkaappiyam, the first grammatical work by
    Tolkappiyar was based on Sanskrit. To substantiate their view, they assigned
    the work of Tolkappiyar to Tiranatumakkini who was a scholar in Sanskrit.
    The RaamayaNaa, Mahaabhaarata, PuraaNas and other philosophical works were
    no doubt borrowed from Sanskrit but the Sanskrit scholars tried to camouflage
    the very existence of great literary works in Tamil like the Cankam classics,
    didactic and devotional literature. But their efforts were halted only when
    scholars like V.K. Curiyanaraayana Sastriar and Maraimalaiyatikal focussed
    the attention of the people on the literary treasures of the Tamil language.

    Chronological Listing of Tamil Literature :

    SANGAM PERIOD

    nakkirar thirumurugARRuppadai
    perungunRup perungAsikkanAr malai padugadAm
    mAnguti marudhanAr madhuraik kansi
    muththAmak kaNNiyAr porunNARARttup padai
    kadiyalUr uruththiran kaNNanAr perumbANARRuppadai
    nappUdhanAr mullaip pAttu
    kabilar kuRaNYippabAttu
    naththAdhanAr siRubANARRuppadai
    tholkAppiyar tholkApiyam
    anthology naRRinai
    nakkIrar nedunalvAdai
    kadiyalUr urttiran kaNNanar pattinappAlai
    aga nAnURu
    ainguRu nURu
    kaliththogai
    kuRundhogai
    puRanNAnURu
    padhiRRup paththu
    paribAdal

    Flashes and glimpses of the glory of the Indus valley was once again visibly
    seen during the Cholla era.That was the Golden age of India.
    The Ashoka dynasty was never the golden age as what the Aryan scholars has
    made us to believe.They were never seafarers and neither did they have a
    literature worldly acclaimed for its richness as the Tamil sangam period.
    The classical lterature of the Dravidians were second to none in the world.
    You don,t find any of such in the North of India.External scholarships both
    European and Aryan have distorted and served their common Indo - european
    loftiness and bias.You will notice that the Dravidians were reapeatedly
    ignored and never credited.

    Historically, there had been a strong Tamil identity that included
    Cera, Chozha and Pandiya countries and the several minor vELir
    principalities. The Tamil classic CilapathikAram, was written by a cEra
    Prince, iLangO adigaL and it describes the story of a chOza woman kaNNaki
    who seeks justice in the Pandiyan capital. Finally, when the cEra king
    cenguttuvan marches north to punish the Aryan kings kanaga and vijaya, he
    does it on behalf of the entire Tamil country. Cilapathikaram describes him
    marching up to the Himalayas, defeating his Aryan foes along the way and
    marking the signs of all three Tamil vEnthars on the Himalayas.

    Even the might asOka's empire stopped short of the Tamil country because the
    Tamil alliance united to stop the invaders. Under rAjarAja The Great,
    the Chozha empire ruled over the pAndiyar country and conquered the cErAs.
    That was perhaps the only time the Tamil country was a single political unit.

    The cEranAdu (kEraLa) was an integral part of the Tamil mind space until the
    great chOzhas completely alienated them with their ruthless wars.

    Amongst the spoken languages of the common people of India
    (which has a long history and is ancient) Tamil alone is the spoken language
    of the common people till date. NOT SANSKRIT



    The Scientific history of Earth of states that Earth was a fire ball, then a
    ice ball, water appeared in this stones appeared, then Sand appeared.
    The Proverb clearly states the Birth of Tamil was even before Mun (Sand) was
    formed.

    Is this possible? Pathinen Siddhars in their Guruparambiryam,
    Arasaparambiryam who record history state that a Crews from space visited
    this earth, under the leadership of Anathi Sivanar, explored this earth,
    estimated time of this earth, researched on the various life atoms, divine
    atoms. The language spoken by them was TAMIL. That is Guruparabiryam clearly
    records that TAMIL is Language spoken across the entire galaxy (Anda peradum)

    Some of them had continued to stayed back in this earth and they had
    civilized the Manishan ( Mun+isan - mean the ruler of this earth) uinto
    Manithan ( culturered man). That is why you still hear stories about Sangam
    was formed in Mukadal Nagar under auspicious leadership of Anathi Sivan to
    preach, promote Tamil.

    Tamil race spread across the world to develop new races, and it is one of
    the reasons why till the 19th Century people across the world revered to
    some how find a route to India.

    But Tamilians have forgotten their history. Guruparabiryam clearly records
    the history that

    1. Mahabhatra occurred 5100 Years back
    2. Ramayana occurred 8,64,000 Years back
    3. Kanda puram occurred 12,96,000 Years back

    (Note the above is only approximate nos)

    Now recently NASA Satellite have found the Bridge between Rameswaran and
    Lanka and state it existed so many years back. The photographs have been
    published across Tamil Newspapers

    The Dwarka of Kannan of Mahabharat epic, his seal etc have been recovered by
    divers near Gujarat.
    Note all these wars / fights happened between TAMIL and the Tamilian Race.
    That is why Kannan is described as Karumai Niram BLACK in all the songs.
    However due to our ignorance, magnanimity, foolishness, innocence,
    selfishness of few we have donated our History, language, hereditary
    rights, Temples, ....... to the PiraManinar (People from different land.)
    They were wise, and perseverant enough to utilize and till date ensure to
    retain their supremacy.
    And we fools are happy to state, preach, accept that Sanskrit and tamil are
    equally good.

    thanks to all who have contributed ur ideas and comments i"m bringing all together and trying to reach to all out there




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