History of Indian Mathematics

[indian224080]

Hi Uppuma
English belongs to Indo European group of languages, the same group that prakrits belong to and sanskrit came from prakrit and tamil. So it would surprising only if sanskrit numbers did not resemble english.

Sanskrit Came from Tamil

[karuvaadu]

I say that the english one is from tamil onRu-onnu-oNdu! What do you vedics say now? ?

The German numbers: eins, zwei, drei, vier, fünf, sechs, sieben, acht, neun, zehn

Deutsch - Tamil
eins - ains
zwei (sometimes zwo) - tsvai (tsvo)
drei - dhRai
vier - (f)viar
fünf - (f)vyun(f)v
sechs - seks
sieben - sIpen
acht - akd
neun - noyn
zehn - sEn
11 - elf - el(f)v
12 - zwölf - tsvel(f)v

So the english numbers are more germanic than of any other.

For example take the "shit" (cit -in tamil) - the scots say shite (cait - in tamil) and the germans say Scheiße (caise - in tamil)

Further England comes from Angelland which is german meanig the land for angling. And the germans spoke of Angelsachsen (angelsaksen in tamil) which only means the angling Saxons. Saxons are one of the german tribes like the Bavarians, Prussians, Swabians. English is also very near to Low German that is still spoken by some of the north costal Germans.

[SRS]

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[SRS]

Who calculated the value of pi first?

The value of pi was first calculated by Budhayana, and he explained the concept of what is now known as the Pythagorean Theorem. British scholars have (1999) officially published that Budhayan's works dates to the 6th Century, which is long before the European mathematicians.

[SRS]

Did Bhaskar II discover calculus?

Bhaskar II was born in Vijapur in the province of Karnataka in 1114 A.D. He wrote Siddhanta-Shiromani in 1150, which became a classical text in Mathematics and Astronomy. The book is divided in four parts: Lilavati deals with arithmetic, Bijaganita with algebra, Ganitadhyaya and Goladhyaya with astronomy.

In Siddhanta Shiromani, Bhaskar II defines two kinds of planetary velocities: Sthula gati (average speed) and Sukshma or Tatkaliki gati (instantaneous velocity). The process of finding instantaneous velocity involves the use of differential calculus. There is definite proof that Bhaskar II carried out such calculations using the method of differentiation.

According to Hindu astronomy,

l = lmean ± r sina/R

where,

l = true longitude

lmean = mean longitude

r = radius of the epicycle

a = anomaly

and,

R = radius of the deferent cycle


Bhaskar II formulates the expression for the tatkaliki gati (instantaneous velocity) as follows:

"To find the instantaneous velocity (in longitude) of the planet, the kotiphala is to be multiplied by the time rate of change of anomaly and divided by the radius, and the quotient (thus obtained) is to be added to or subtracted from the velocity of the mean planet according as its position is in the six signs from the beginning of Cancer or Capricorn."

Expressed mathematically,

dl/dt = dlmean/dt ± (r cosa/R) da/dt

where,

r cosa = kotiphala

This equation not only provides his familiarity with the notion of differentiation, but also shows his knowledge of the expression

d(sina)/da = cosa


After Bhaskar II, India went through a long hostile foreign rule, and could not produce any mathematician of his caliber for a long time to come.


Reference: D. M. Bose, S.N. Sen and B. V. Subbarayappa, "A Concise History of Science in India", Indian National Science Academy, 1971, p. 203

[Eelavar]

And finally Ramanujan Srinivasa developped the quadratic equation which now permit to the computer to calculate pi with billions of decimals....

http://ic.net/~jnbohr/java/formula.gif

http://numbers.computation.free.fr/C...ramanujan.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srinivasa_Ramanujan

Tribute to this genious mathematician.

His works began only be studied and understood.

Ramanujan left a book which contain many formulas witout proofs, he was a real genious.

P.S: Ramanujan found many different formules to calculate Pi.

[SRS]

And finally Ramanujan Srinivasa developped the quadratic equation which now permit to the computer to calculate pi with billions of decimals....

http://ic.net/~jnbohr/java/formula.gif

http://numbers.computation.free.fr/C...ramanujan.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srinivasa_Ramanujan

Tribute to this genious mathematician.

His works began only be studied and understood.

Ramanujan left a book which contain many formulas witout proofs, he was a real genious.

P.S: Ramanujan found many different formules to calculate Pi.

Yes, Ramanujan, greatest Indian mathematician of all time, Brahmana who attributed all his success to the Namagiri goddess... you can be sure you won't find his portrait on the walls of Anna U. I am not sure if he deserves a separate thread. But since we are outlining his achievements (not going into them in detail) this thread will do.

[rajraj]

Yes, Ramanujan, greatest Indian mathematician of all time, Brahmana who attributed all his success to the Namagiri goddess... you can be sure you won't find his portrait on the walls of Anna U.

The computing center in Anna Universisty is named after Ramanujan.

[Eelavar]

You are saying they used π since 800 BC in India and I don't deny that! I only say that pi is not the invention by Indians first when it is known to Agyptians in 1700 BC already. You must know that 1700 BC is 900 years earlier than 800 BC! Or do you want to deny it?

... It's not a logical thinking ...

Who said you that Indian Civilisation didn't exist before 1700 B.C ??
Harrapa and Indus Valley cities were said to be the one of the most anciant cities until that they discoverd the Dwarka underwater city in Gujarat which is estimitated to 7500 B.C , do you know that my srilankan bro ?

It is not myth but reality.

[Uppuma]

Friends,

Mathematics and its origins are from India, Bible has quiet a lot of Maths wrongly.

And friend says- Ramanujam developed it because he went Abroad.

I have put the article from Wikipedia- in Indian Heritage page NO-13, which acknoledges it.

Bill Gates, when asked if Indian were not allowed to work in his Company. in USA, he would move to India.

So Foriegners have the skill to develop it and market commercially, but the basic is from India.
uppuma